Smoking Cessation Interventions to Reduce COPD Symptoms: Scoping Review

Abstrak

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a chronic airway inflammatory condition associated with high global morbidity and mortality. Cigarette smoking remains the primary modifiable risk factor; its cessation has been shown to decelerate disease progression and improve functional capacity. However, smoking cessation rates in COPD populations remain suboptimal, necessitating standardized, evidence-based behavioral intervention strategies. Objective: This scoping review aimed to map and synthesize empirical evidence on the effectiveness of behavioral intervention strategies for smoking cessation in COPD patients, with emphasis on respiratory symptom reduction and self-management capacity enhancement.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases using structured search terms (COPD, behavioral intervention, smoking cessation, self-management). Eligible studies were published between 2020 and 2025 in Scopus Q1-Q3 journals, written in English or Indonesian, and involved adult COPD patients aged ≥40 years. Study selection followed the PRISMA-ScR framework guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s methodology. Results: From 1,284 identified articles, 20 studies met all inclusion criteria. Three major behavioral intervention categories emerged: (1) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and digitally adapted variants; (2) motivational interviewing (MI) combined with pharmacotherapy; and (3) mHealth technology-based self-management programs. Combined MI, CBT, and pharmacotherapy interventions demonstrated the highest tobacco abstinence rates (52–68%) at 12-month follow-up. mHealth app-based programs significantly improved CAT scores, mMRC scores, and patient self-efficacy in symptom management. Conclusion: Multi-component behavioral interventions integrating CBT, MI, pharmacotherapy support, and digital technology demonstrate the highest effectiveness in promoting smoking cessation and enhancing self-management capabilities in COPD patients. These findings have important clinical implications for holistic, personalized pulmonary rehabilitation programs in both community and hospital settings.