FACTORS INFLUENCING MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS (MSDs) AMONG WORKSHOP WORKERS

Abstrak

Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) represent a significant occupational health issue among workshop workers. Tasks such as bending, lifting heavy loads, and maintaining awkward body positions increase the risk of musculoskeletal strain. WHO (2023) reports that 60–70% of manual workers experience MSDs, and in Indonesia, the prevalence among workshop workers reaches 72–85%. Key risk factors include non-ergonomic postures, repetitive movements, long working hours, and exposure to poor environmental conditions. Given the high burden of MSDs, a systematic review is essential to identify contributing factors and guide preventive strategies. This study used a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) based on the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The literature search was conducted in Google Scholar, Garuda Ristekbrin, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, and PubMed, covering publications from 2015– 2025. Keywords included "Musculoskeletal Disorders," "MSDs," "mechanic workshop," "ergonomic risk factors," "work posture," and "vibration." Articles were screened through four stages: identification, title and abstract screening, full-text eligibility assessment, and final inclusion. Only original research articles related to MSDs among workshop workers, written in Indonesian or English, and available in full text were included. From 240 identified articles, 20 met all criteria. A total of 20 studies with the inclusion criteria. The findings show that Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) among workshop workers are influenced by three main categories of factors. First, individual factors such as age, length of employment, Body Mass Index (BMI), and exercise habits contribute to the increased risk of MSDs. Workers who are older, have long work experience, or have higher BMI tend to report more musculoskeletal complaints. MSDs among workshop workers are mainly caused by poor work posture, long working hours, and non-ergonomic conditions. Improving ergonomic practices and promoting safe work behaviors are essential to reducing these risks.