NURSING CARE THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF COMBINED SEMI-FOWLER AND RIGHT LATERAL POSITIONS TO IMPROVE OXYGEN SATURATION IN PATIENTS WITH CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE AT THE CARDIOVASCULAR CARE UNIT OF ARIFIN ACHMAD REGIONAL GENERAL HOSPITAL, RIAU PROVINCE

Abstract

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is increasingly observed in higher education settings with approximately 20% reporting lifetime engagement in such behaviors. Objective: This literature review aim to synthesizes recent research (2015- 2025) on determinant factors contributing to NSSI among college/university students, including risk and protective factors and implications for prevention strategies. Methods : Through a comprehensive analysis of studies from multiple databases including Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO,this review identifies key psychological, social, environmental, and demographic factors that influence NSSI behaviors. Results: The findings reveal that determinants cluster across individual The findings reveal that determinants cluster across individual (emotion dysregulation; sleep irregularity; cognitive styles), interpersonal (cybervictimization; social exclusion; minority stress; family dysfunction), and contextual domains (recent negative life events). Protective factors include self compassion, self efficacy and social support. Conclusion : The review concludes with implications for prevention and intervention strategies, highlighting the need for multi-level approaches including screening at matriculation for prior NSSI/mental disorders, addressing sleep regularity, emotion-regulation treatment, social supports, tackling cybervictimization and minority stress, and building self compassion and resistance self efficacy and environmental modifications.